Busting myths in haemophilia
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There are many misconceptions about haemophilia. Click on the flashcards below to dispel some of the most common of these misconceptions.
Myth
If a person with haemophilia gets cut, they will bleed to death.
Truth
Not every bleed is life-threatening. People with haemophilia may present with bruising, or bleeding into muscles and joints, which if frequent, is associated with long-term damage.1
Myth
People with haemophilia only experience external bleeds, e.g. from a cut or graze.
Truth
People with haemophilia can also have spontaneous bleeding internally. The knee, ankle and elbow joints are most often affected.2
Myth
People with haemophilia have a short life expectancy.
Truth
With proper management, people with haemophilia today can look forward to a near normal life expectancy.2
Myth
Haemophilia A can get better with time.
Truth
Haemophilia A is a chronic, lifelong bleeding disorder caused by a lack of clotting factor VIII, which generally does not change over time.2
Myth
Children with haemophilia always have a family history of haemophilia.
Truth
While haemophilia is usually inherited, it occurs spontaneously in one-third of cases.3
Myth
Haemophilia only affects boys or men.
Truth
As the gene for haemophilia is linked to the sex chromosome X, the majority of people with haemophilia are men. Haemophilia can occur in women, but is rare.4
Myth
Iron, certain vitamins and peanuts can cure haemophilia.
Truth
Today there is no cure for haemophilia.2 Current treatment includes replacement therapy of the missing clotting factor VIII.5
Myth
Everyone with haemophilia A experiences the same symptoms.
Truth
Symptoms of haemophilia A can vary depending on the level of factor VIII. It can be categorised as mild, moderate or severe.5
Myth
Everyone who has haemophilia is a direct descendant from the English Queen Victoria.
Truth
There are many different types of bleeding disorders.6 Queen Victoria was a carrier of haemophilia B, caused by a lack of a different clotting factor than haemophilia A.7
Myth
People with haemophilia cannot play sports.
Truth
With proper treatment, people with haemophilia can enjoy a wide variety of sports e.g. swimming and running – but rough contact sports are usually not advised.2
Myth
All forms of haemophilia involve a deficiency in clotting factor VIII.
Truth
Haemophilia A is the most common form and results from a lack of clotting factor VIII. Haemophilia B is due to a lack of factor IX and haemophilia C from a lack of factor XI.8
Myth
Everyone with haemophilia will eventually become disabled due to joint damage.
Truth
The good news is that with proper preventative (prophylactic) treatment, people with haemophilia may be able to avoid frequent joint bleeds and long-term joint damage.9
References
University of California San Francisco. Hemophilia Signs and Symptoms. Available online: https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/hemophilia/signs_and_symptoms.html.[Accessed February 2021].
Srivastava A, et al. WFH Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia, 3rd edition. Haemophilia. 2020: 26 (Suppl 6): 1-158.
Kloosterman F, et al. Hemophilia management: Huge impact of a tiny difference. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2020. 4(3):377-385.
The Haemophilia Society. Haemophilia. Available online: https://haemophilia.org.uk/bleeding-disorders/haemophilia/. [Accessed February 2021].
National Hemophilia Foundation. Hemophilia A. Available online: https://www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/Types-of-Bleeding-Disorders.[Accessed February 2021].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hemophilia Facts. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html.[Accessed February 2021].
Hemophilia of Georgia. Handbook. Available online: https://www.hog.org/handbook/.[Accessed February 2021].
Medline Plus. Bleeding disorders. Available online: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001304.html.[Accessed February 2021].
National Hemophilia Foundation. Bleeding Disorders History. Available online: https://www.hemophilia.org/bleeding-disorders-a-z/overview/history. [Accessed February 2021].
Stanford Healthcare. Types of Hemophilia. Available online: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/hemophilia/hemophilia-types.html
[Accessed February 2021]
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